1.sort
#排序，默认以字母或者数字顺序进行排序，默认以空白字符为分隔符
选项：
-t #指定分隔符
-k #指定以第几列进行排序
-n #按数值大小进行排序
-r #倒叙排序
案例：
[root@hebin ~]# sort sort.txt #根据默认进行排序。默认以第一列进行排序
abcsf/1/cs/45
aeger/7/ha/164
ekdsn/4/ls/1
escko/6/hg/7
fesaa/2/fe/4
jbdfe/3/fs/3
vfsef/0/ca/89
[root@hebin ~]# sort -t "/" -k4 sort.txt #指定/为分隔符，以第三3列进行排序
ekdsn/4/ls/1
aeger/7/ha/164
jbdfe/3/fs/3
fesaa/2/fe/4
abcsf/1/cs/45
escko/6/hg/7
vfsef/0/ca/89
[root@hebin ~]# sort -t "/" -nk4 sort.txt #以数值的大小进行排序
ekdsn/4/ls/1
jbdfe/3/fs/3
fesaa/2/fe/4
escko/6/hg/7
abcsf/1/cs/45
vfsef/0/ca/89
aeger/7/ha/164
[root@hebin ~]# sort -t "/" -rnk4 sort.txt #以数值大小倒叙排序
aeger/7/ha/164
vfsef/0/ca/89
abcsf/1/cs/45
escko/6/hg/7
fesaa/2/fe/4
jbdfe/3/fs/3
ekdsn/4/ls/1
[root@whb ~]# cat file.txt
abc
123
abc
123
de
[root@whb ~]# sort file.txt #默认将重复的行进行排列在一起
123
123
abc
abc
def
2.uniq
#去重（必须是相邻的重复的行），统计重复次数，它是针对行操作的
选项：
-c #统计重复的行的次数
案例：
[root@hebin ~]# sort sort.log | uniq -c
1 abc/1
2 abd/11
2 fger/8
2 fgrf/2
1 rgrgh/66
[root@hebin ~]# sort sort.log | uniq -c | sort -n
1 abc/1
1 rgrgh/66
2 abd/11
2 fger/8
2 fgrf/2
[root@hebin ~]# sort sort.log | uniq -c | sort -rn
2 fgrf/2
2 fger/8
2 abd/11
1 rgrgh/66
1 abc/1
3.cut
#取列，截取字段
选项：
-d #指定分隔符，默认以tab键为分隔符
-f #取出指定的列，多个用逗号分割或者- 连续多列
-c #截取指定的字符，多个用逗号分割或者- 连续的多个字符
案例：
[root@hebin ~]# cat sort.txt
abcsf/1/cs/45
jbdfe/3/fs/3
fesaa/2/fe/4
aeger/7/ha/164
aeger/7/ha/164
[root@hebin ~]# cut -d '/' -f4 sort.txt #以/为分隔符，取出第4列
45
3
4
164
164
[root@hebin ~]# cut -d '/' -f4 sort.txt | sort #将重复的行排序在一起
1
164
164
3
4
[root@hebin ~]# cut -d '/' -f4 sort.txt | sort | uniq #取出重复行
1
164
3
4
[root@hebin ~]# cut -d ":" -f7 passwd | sort | uniq -c #统计重复的次数
2 /bin/bash
1 /bin/sync
1 /sbin/halt
19 /sbin/nologin
1 /sbin/shutdown
[root@hebin ~]# cut -d ":" -f7 passwd | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn #根据次数进行倒序排序
19 /sbin/nologin
2 /bin/bash
1 /sbin/shutdown
1 /sbin/halt
1 /bin/sync
[root@hebin ~]# cat sort.log
abc/1
abd/11
fgrf/2
fger/8
rgrgh/66
fger/8
abd/11
fgrf/2
[root@hebin ~]# cut -d "/" -f2 sort.log
1
11
2
8
66
8
11
2
[root@hebin ~]# cut -d "/" -f2 sort.log |sort -rn #给截取字段倒叙排序
66
11
11
8
8
2
2
1
[root@hebin ~]# echo "I am name is student QQ is 1238376584" > qq.txt #取出姓名和QQ号码
[root@hebin ~]# cat qq.txt
I am name is student QQ is 1238376584
[root@hebin ~]# cut -d " " -f3,8 qq.txt #取出第三列和第八列，第四列是空，有两个空格
name is
[root@hebin ~]# cut -d " " -f3,9 qq.txt
name 1238376584
[root@hebin ~]# cut -d " " -f3-9 qq.txt #取出连续的多列
name is student QQ is 1238376584
[root@hebin ~]# cat qq.txt
I am name is student QQ is 1238376584
[root@hebin ~]# cut -c 1-3 qq.txt #截取第一个到第三个字符
I a
[root@hebin ~]# cut -c 3 qq.txt #截取第三个字符
a
[root@hebin ~]# cut -c 1,3 qq.txt #截取第一个和第三个字符
Ia
4.tr
#替换，删除字符，只能 单对单 的替换
选项：
-d #删除字符
案例：
[root@hebin ~]# cut -d "," -f1,2 qq.txt
I am name is student QQ is,1238376584
[root@hebin ~]# cut -d " " -f3,8 qq.txt
name is,1238376584
[root@hebin ~]# cut -d " " -f3,8 qq.txt | tr "," " " #将逗号替换为空格
name is 1238376584
[root@hebin ~]# cut -d " " -f3,8 qq.txt | tr "," " " |cut -d " " -f1,3
name 1238376584
[root@hebin ~]# tr "," " " qq.txt
tr: extra operand ‘qq.txt’
Try 'tr --help' for more information.
[root@hebin ~]# tr "," " " < qq.txt #单独针对文件操作时，必须使用 <
I am name is student QQ is 1238376584
[root@hebin ~]# tr "," " " < qq.txt |cut -d " " -f3,9
name 1238376584
[root@hebin ~]# tr "a" "1" < qq.txt #将所有的a替换为1
I 1m n1me is student QQ is,1238376584
[root@hebin ~]# tr -d "m" <qq.txt #删除m这个字符
I a nae is student QQ is,1238376584
#取出ip地址
[root@hebin ~]# ip a s eth0
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:ae:0b:8a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.0.0.100/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::c653:602a:38c6:e45/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@hebin ~]# ip a s eth0 | head -3 |tail -1
inet 10.0.0.100/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
[root@hebin ~]# ip a s eth0 | grep -w 'inet'
inet 10.0.0.100/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
[root@hebin ~]# ip a s eth0 | grep -w 'inet' | tr "/" " "
inet 10.0.0.100 24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
[root@hebin ~]# ip a s eth0 | grep -w 'inet' | tr "/" " " |cut -d " " -f6
10.0.0.100
#取出IP地址
[root@hebin ~]# ip a s eth0 | grep -w 'inet'
inet 10.0.0.100/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
[root@hebin ~]# ip a s eth0 | grep -w 'inet' |cut -d " " -f6
10.0.0.100/24
[root@hebin ~]# ip a s eth0 | grep -w 'inet' |cut -d " " -f6 | cut -d "/" -f1
10.0.0.100
#取出ip地址
[root@hebin ~]# ifconfig eth0
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 10.0.0.100 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.0.0.255
inet6 fe80::c653:602a:38c6:e45 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:ae:0b:8a txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 3484131 bytes 4986775944 (4.6 GiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 364363 bytes 53078581 (50.6 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[root@hebin ~]# ifconfig eth0 |grep -w inet
inet 10.0.0.100 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.0.0.255
[root@hebin ~]# ifconfig eth0 |grep -w inet | cut -d " " -f10
10.0.0.100
#取出当前系统登录的用户的次数
[root@hebin ~]# w -h
root pts/0 10.0.0.1 19:10 9:03 0.01s 0.01s -bash
root pts/1 10.0.0.1 19:10 9:03 0.00s 0.00s -bash
root pts/2 10.0.0.1 Fri20 3.00s 0.95s 0.00s w -h
[root@hebin ~]# w -h | cut -d " " -f1
root
root
root
[root@hebin ~]# w -h | cut -d " " -f1 |uniq -c
3 root
[root@hebin ~]# w -h | cut -d " " -f1 |uniq -c
3 root
1 test
[root@hebin ~]# w
19:21:39 up 6 days, 32 min, 4 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT
root pts/0 10.0.0.1 19:10 43.00s 0.01s 0.01s -bash
root pts/1 10.0.0.1 19:10 11:03 0.00s 0.00s -bash
root pts/2 10.0.0.1 Fri20 3.00s 0.95s 0.00s w
test pts/3 10.0.0.1 19:21 21.00s 0.00s 0.00s -bash
[root@hebin ~]# w | more +3
root pts/0 10.0.0.1 19:10 50.00s 0.01s 0.01s -bash
root pts/1 10.0.0.1 19:10 11:10 0.00s 0.00s -bash
root pts/2 10.0.0.1 Fri20 2.00s 0.96s 0.00s w
test pts/3 10.0.0.1 19:21 28.00s 0.00s 0.00s -bash
5.wc
#统计字节大小，行数，列数，字符长度
选项：
-l #统计行数
-c #统计总字节大小
-w #统计总列数，默认以空白字符为分隔符
-L #统计最长的一行内容长
案例：
[root@hebin ~]# wc hosts #显示所有的信息，总行数，总列数，总字节大小
2 10 158 hosts
[root@hebin ~]# ll hosts
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 158 Dec 2 19:26 hosts
[root@hebin ~]# cat hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
[root@hebin ~]# wc -l hosts #显示总行数
2 hosts
[root@hebin ~]# wc -c hosts #显示总字节大小
158 hosts
[root@hebin ~]# wc -w hosts #显示总的列数，默认以空白字符为分隔符
10 hosts
[root@hebin ~]# wc -L hosts #统计最长一行的字符数量，长度
78 hosts
[root@hebin ~]# name=12423145637892 #定义一个变量
[root@hebin ~]# echo $name #打印变量
12423145637892
[root@hebin ~]# echo $name |wc -L #统计变量的长度
14